We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us.Since you are trying to find the conjugate base, you must subtract 1 hydrogen ion. HSO3- H+= SO3–(charge is -1) MoreFormal charge is the individual electric charges on the atoms in a given polyatomic molecule. These charges help in knowing if the given structure of the molecule is stable or not. One can calculate the formal charges for any given atom with the help of the following formula: F.C = Valence electrons – Nonbonding electrons- Bonding electrons/2.SO3 (sulfonate) Strong cation exchanger. Working range, pH 2–13. Binds molecules with predominantly positive charge, repels molecules a predominantly negative charge. Use for capture, intermediate, or polishing steps in either bind-elute or flow-through mode. High capacity for purification of virus and VLP particles, large proteins ...Solution. Steps to balance: Step 1: Separate the half-reactions that undergo oxidation and reduction. Oxidation: I − I 2. This is the oxidation half because the oxidation state changes from -1 on the left side to 0 on the right side. This indicates a gain in electrons. Reduction: MnO − 4 Mn2 +.Solution. Steps to balance: Step 1: Separate the half-reactions that undergo oxidation and reduction. Oxidation: I − I 2. This is the oxidation half because the oxidation state changes from -1 on the left side to 0 on the right side. This indicates a gain in electrons. Reduction: MnO − 4 Mn2 +.In a nonpolar covalent bond, the distribution of electrical charge is balanced between the two atoms. Figure \(\PageIndex{2}\): A nonpolar covalent bond is one in which the distribution of electron density between the two atoms is equal. The two chlorine atoms share the pair of electrons in the single covalent bond equally, and the electron density …Sulfur brings 6, and oxygen brings 3 each. That means; SO3 has 24 valence electrons. 6 + (3 x 6) = 24. Now have a look of Lewis Structure again; When we draw it, firstly we get the three structures at the top. Sulfur in the center and Oxygen around it is making a connection (each) to the central atom. There should be single bonds initially.Polyatomic ions. Polyatomic ions are molecular ions composed of two or more atoms bonded by covalent bonds and acting as a single unit, but unlike molecules, they have a net charge on them. The examples include cations like ammonium ion ( NH 4 + ), and hydronium ion ( H 3 O + ); and anions like hydroxide ion ( OH − ), and cyanide ion ( CN − ). Since, nitrogen and oxygen both sites can act as donor sites, its a bidentate ligand.A ligand that can form two bonds to a metal ion is called a bidentate ligand.A bidentate ligand has two donor sites. Solve any question of Coordination Compounds with:-.Monomer The molecule SO3 is trigonal planar. As predicted by VSEPR theory, its structure belongs to the D3h point group. The sulfur atom has an oxidation state of +6 and may be assigned a formal charge value as low as 0 (if all three sulfur-oxygen bonds are assumed to be double bonds) or as high as +2 (if the … See moreFormal charge on sulfur atom of SO3 molecule = (6- 0-(12/2)) =0. In the Lewis structure of SO3, the formal charge on the central sulfur atom is zero. Calculating formal charge on the oxygen atom of SO3 molecule: The formal charge on the SO3 molecule’s oxygen terminal atoms often corresponds to the actual charge on that oxygen terminal atoms. Oct 15, 2021 · Sulfur has 6 valence electrons. Each oxygen atom has 6 valence electrons. Since sulfate has 4 oxygen atoms, that equals 24 valence electrons. Sulfate has a charge of 2 −, which means it has an ... Equation 3.3.1 can be simplified for a simple separated two-charge system like diatomic molecules or when considering a bond dipole within a molecule. μdiatomic = Q × r. This bond dipole is interpreted as the dipole from a charge separation over a distance r between the partial charges Q + and Q − (or the more commonly used terms δ + - δ ... CHARGE syndrome is a disorder that affects many areas of the body. Explore symptoms, inheritance, genetics of this condition. CHARGE syndrome is a disorder that affects many areas of the body. CHARGE is an abbreviation for several of the fe...31. 3. 2022 ... answer. +4. SO3¯²(Charge of -2). Therefore,S=X. X+3(-2)=-2. X+(-6)=-2. X=-2+6. X=+4(Oxidation number of sulphur).Sulfur trioxide has a trigonal planar electron geometry, according to David Roth of Tutoring & Homework Help. SO3 has a central sulfur atom and three surrounding oxygens, with a total of 24 valence electrons. Two oxygens form single bonds w...Features and Benefits. Fractogel ® EMD SO 3- (M) enables: Increased binding strength at low pH. High aggregate removal efficiency combined with high dynamic binding capacity. Lower elution volumes for the highest purity levels. Compatibility with 2.5 % (v/v) aqueous benzyl alcohol containing 150 mM NaCl storage solution.The formal charge on the central oxygen atom in O 3 molecule is +1. Formal charge in central O= valence electron − 21× bonding electron − non-bonding electron. =6− 21×6−2=+1. Therefore, the correct option is B.How to Calculate the Formal Charges for SO3 2- (Sulfite ion) Wayne Breslyn 684K subscribers Join Subscribe 18K views 2 years ago In order to calculate the formal charges for SO3 2- we'll...A space-filling model of the sulfite anion. Sulfites or sulphites are compounds that contain the sulfite ion (or the sulfate (IV) ion, from its correct systematic name), SO2− 3. The sulfite ion is the conjugate base of bisulfite. Although its acid ( sulfurous acid) is elusive, [1] its salts are widely used. The element was rediscovered in 1867 by Nils Sefstrôm. Vanadium has an unusually large number of stable oxidation states (+2, +3, +4, +5)each of which is characterized by a unique color in solution. The metal is used as an alloying agent for steel. It combines with nearly all non-metals in compounds.Balancing by charge means making sure that the overall charge is the same on both sides of the equation. In the above equation, the overall charge is zero, or neutral, on both sides of the equation. As a general rule, if you balance the molecular equation properly, the net ionic equation will end up being balanced by both mass and charge. Example …Mar 23, 2023 · Answer: (SO3 [SO3 may refer to. Sulfur trioxide, a chemical compound of sulfur and the anhydride of sulfuric acid. Sulfite, a chemical ion composed of sulfur and oxygen with a 2− charge])2- has 3 resonance structures, one for each structure that is formed when sulfur makes a double bond with oxygen. SO3 Resonance Structure Explanation. Watch on. What is the Charge on SO3? And Why? May 26, 2023 by Jay Rana The Charge of SO3 is 0. But the question is how can you say that the charge on SO3 (Sulfur trioxide) is 0? Well you can say this by calculating its formal charge. So let's calculate the formal charge of SO3 (Sulfur trioxide).SO3 (sulfonate) Strong cation exchanger. Working range, pH 2–13. Binds molecules with predominantly positive charge, repels molecules a predominantly negative charge. Use for capture, intermediate, or polishing steps in either bind-elute or flow-through mode. High capacity for purification of virus and VLP particles, large proteins ...Formal Charge. Example Definitions Formulaes. Limitations of the Octet Rule. Example Definitions Formulaes. Learn with Videos. Introduction to Chemical Bonding. 30 mins. Kossel - Lewis Approach To Chemical Bond. 8 mins. Lewis Dot Symbols and its Significance. 11 mins. Lewis Structure - I. 32 mins. Lewis Structure - II. 27 mins. Lewis …Tesla car company offers groundbreaking electrical cars that help you save money while still offering an exceptional driving experience. Tesla makes it easy to keep your vehicle charged at home, work and while traveling as long as you take ...The charge of the sulfate anion is -2. The molecular formula of sulfate is SO 4-2. Sulfate anion is the conjugated base of the sulfuric acid. When sulfuric acid is dissociated into its ions, sulfate anion and a proton …PROBLEM 4.3. 1. Determine the formal charge and oxidation state of each element in the following: a. HCl. b. CF 4. c. PCl 3. Answer a. Answer b.PROBLEM 4.3. 1. Determine the formal charge and oxidation state of each element in the following: a. HCl. b. CF 4. c. PCl 3. Answer a. Answer b.SO2- 3 +H2O → SO2- 4 + 2H+. Step 5: Balance charge. Add electrons to the side that needs more negative charge. Cr2O2- 7 +14H+ +6e- → 2Cr3+ +7H2O. SO2- 3 +H2O → SO2- 4 + 2H+ +2e-. Step 6: Equalize electrons transferred. Multiply each half-reaction by numbers to get the lowest common multiple of electrons transferred.• Introduction SO3 Lewis Structure - Sulfur Trioxide The Organic Chemistry Tutor 6.7M subscribers Join 558 64K views 3 years ago This chemistry video tutorial explains how to draw the lewis...Why is SO3 a Nonpolar molecule? (Explained in 3 Steps) SO3 is a nonpolar molecule because it does not have any pole of positive charge and negative charge on it. Let me explain this to you in 3 steps! Step #1: Draw the lewis structure. Here is a skeleton of SO3 lewis structure and it contains three S=O bonds.Monomer The molecule SO3 is trigonal planar. As predicted by VSEPR theory, its structure belongs to the D3h point group. The sulfur atom has an oxidation state of +6 and may be assigned a formal charge value as low as 0 (if all three sulfur-oxygen bonds are assumed to be double bonds) or as high as +2 (if the … See moreThe O of - OH is a better nucleophile than the O of H 2 O, and results in a faster reaction rate. Similarly, when nitrogen is part of NH 2, it bears a negative charge, and when it is part of NH 3, it is neutral. The N of NH 2 is a better nucleophile than the N of NH 3, and results in a faster reaction rate.Roman numeral notation indicates charge of ion when element commonly forms more than one ion. For example, iron(II) has a 2+ charge; iron(III) a 3+ charge. Anions 1-acetate C 2 H 3 O 2-cyanide CN-amide NH 2-cyanate OCN-hydrogen carbonate fluoride F-(bicarbonate) HCO 3-hydride H-hydrogen sulfate hydroxide OH-(bisulfate) HSO 4-hypochlorite ClO- …Answer: (SO3 [SO3 may refer to. Sulfur trioxide, a chemical compound of sulfur and the anhydride of sulfuric acid. Sulfite, a chemical ion composed of sulfur and oxygen with a 2− charge])2- has 3 resonance structures, one for each structure that is formed when sulfur makes a double bond with oxygen. SO3 Resonance Structure Explanation. Watch on.$\begingroup$ For many hypervalent molecules such as SO3, stability is derived from firstly, the electronegative ligands (in this case, oxygen atoms) being able to reduce electron density accumulating in the central atom, thus minimising interelectronic repulsion within the valence shell of the central atom.Sulfur trioxide, a chemical compound of sulfur and oxygenSulfite, a chemical ion composed of sulfur and oxygen with a 2− chargeSO (3), the special orthogonal group …Common Cations and Anions Name Formula Charge Name Formula Charge Name Formula Charge aluminum Al 3+ +3 magnesium Mg 2+ +2 carbonate CO 3 2– –2 ammonium NH 4 + +1 manganese (II) Mn 2+ +2 chlorate ClO 3 – –1 barium Ba 2+ +2 manganese (III) Mn 3+ +3 chloride Cl – –1 cadmium Cd 2+ +2 mercury (I)What is the formal charge of the atoms in SO 3? Formal charge = valence electron – non-bonding valence electron – bonding electrons/2. FC = V – N – B/2. Sulfur has 6 Valence electrons, 0 non-bonding electrons, and 12 bonding electrons. The formal charge of sulfur S. S = 6 – 0 – 12/2 = 0. Next, the formal charge of oxygen O Apr 21, 2015 · The bonding picture is usually trivialised as each S − O bond being a double bond. But this is actually far away from the truth, as it does not respect the charge of q = + 2 at the sulfur atom and the charges at the oxygens with q = − 2 3. This is due to the fact, that the sulfur atom actually only contributes to one of the three π bonding ... Monomer The molecule SO3 is trigonal planar. As predicted by VSEPR theory, its structure belongs to the D3h point group. The sulfur atom has an oxidation state of +6 and may be assigned a formal charge value as low as 0 (if all three sulfur-oxygen bonds are assumed to be double bonds) or as high as +2 (if the … See moreSulfur trioxide has a trigonal planar electron geometry, according to David Roth of Tutoring & Homework Help. SO3 has a central sulfur atom and three surrounding oxygens, with a total of 24 valence electrons. Two oxygens form single bonds w...Finally, when pure $\ce{SO3}$ is the reagent in aprotic solvents, $\ce{SO3}$ itself is the actual electrophile. Free $\ce{SO3}$ is the most reactive of all these species, so that attack here is generally fast …As electric vehicles become more popular, the need for charging stations is increasing. If you are an EV owner, you know the importance of finding charging stations near your location. In this article, we will discuss how to find the best c...5. 3. 2023 ... ... SO3. It is a white crystalline solid that is highly reactive and readily ... charge and the oxygen atoms having partial negative charges.SO3 (sulfonate) Strong cation exchanger. Working range, pH 2–13. Binds molecules with predominantly positive charge, repels molecules a predominantly negative charge. Use for capture, intermediate, or polishing steps in either bind-elute or flow-through mode. High capacity for purification of virus and VLP particles, large proteins ...If you use a MacBook to run your business, you should be aware of the proper way to calibrate your MacBook battery. A properly maintained battery ensures that you get the most out of your battery during extended flights, business meetings a...Description. Sulfur trioxide (SO3) is generally a colorless liquid. It can also exist as ice- or fiber-like crystals or as a gas. When SO3 is exposed to air, it rapidly takes up water and gives off white fumes. It can react with water to form sulfuric acid. SO3 is also called sulfuric oxide and sulfuric anhydride. An oxidation–reduction or redox reaction is a reaction that involves the transfer of electrons between chemical species (the atoms, ions, or molecules involved in the reaction). Redox reactions are all around us: the burning of fuels, the corrosion of metals, and even the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration involve oxidation ...... SO3. The electric coagulation platform has a DC charging zone and an AC coagulation zone. Fine particles were... | Coagulation, Desulfurization and Particle ...To use the Lewis Structure Calculator follow these steps: Enter the formula of the molecule in the field provided for it. For example, if we want to obtain the Lewis structure of the Sulfate ion, SO 4 – 2, we must first enter the charge by typing (-2) or by entering -2 in the charge field and pressing the «Add» button. Then we write the rest of the formula being as …Sulfur trioxide (SO3) Lewis dot structure, molecular geometry or shape, electron geometry, bond angle, formal charge, hybridization SO 3 is the chemical formula for sulfur trioxide. SO 3 generally exists as a colorless liquid but when exposed to air, the liquid takes up moisture and gets converted into white fumes.Therefore, each oxygen has a charge of negative two, and there are three oxygen atoms. Therefore, the overall charge of oxygen is negative six. The compound SO3 needs to have a net charge of zero. Therefore, the charge on the one sulfur in SO3 must have the charge of positive six to balance out the charge of negative six from the three oxygen ions. Know All about Sulfite Ion Structure, Formula, and Charge. Sulfite ion is formed by one centered sulfur cation S4+ and three oxygen anions O2-. The geometry is a trigonal pyramid with the three oxygen atoms forming the base and over the sulfur atom, there is a lone pair of electrons. The molar mass is 80.06 g/mol.53 The energy density (which is the sum of the kinetic and potential energy) determines whether the accumulation of charge is stabilizing (negative values) or.Aug 31, 2022 · We can calculate an atom’s formal charge using the equation FC = VE – [LPE – ½ (BE)], where VE = the number of valence electrons on the free atom, LPE = the number of lone pair electrons on the atom in the molecule, and BE = the number of bonding (shared) electrons around the atom in the molecule. As electric vehicles become more popular, the need for charging stations is increasing. If you are an EV owner, you know the importance of finding charging stations near your location. In this article, we will discuss how to find the best c...Drawing the Lewis Structure for SO 3 ( Sulfur Trioxide) SO 3 is the primary contributer to acid rain in the atomsphere. It is a form of pollution. SO 3 is named Sulfur Trioxide. There are 32 valence electrons available for the Lewis structure for SO 3. Be sure to check the formal charges for the Lewis structure for SO 3 .The central carbon atom has a charge of zero in all structures, so its charge is zero when we take the average. For the left-hand oxygen, the charge is zero in the first structure and –1 in the other two; the average is (0 + -1 + -1) ÷ 3 = - 2 / 3. The other two oxygen atoms give the same result, so all three oxygen atoms have a charge of ...Hi agoChanchal Haldar , first, you can use ONIOM method to split basis sets of your compound. after that; the atom that you want to assign its charge keep it alone in layer from three layers ...We can calculate an atom’s formal charge using the equation FC = VE – [LPE – ½ (BE)], where VE = the number of valence electrons on the free atom, LPE = the number of lone pair electrons on the atom in the molecule, and BE = the number of bonding (shared) electrons around the atom in the molecule.Arrange the bonds in order of increasing ionic character in the molecules: LiF , K 2 O , N 2, SO 2 andClF 3.How to draw the Lewis Structure of SO3 (sulfur trioxide) - with explanationSulfur is an exception to the octet rule - it can handle up to 12 electrons!Check ...In order to calculate the formal charges for SO3 we'll use the equation Formal charge = [# of valence electrons] - [nonbonding val electrons] - [bonding electrons / 2] The number of valence...Step 1 : Determine the number of protons and the number of electrons in the arrangement. Step 2 : Subtract the number of electrons from the number of protons to get a number N. This represents the net charge of the arrangement in terms of fundamental charge units (i.e. the charge on 1 proton).Re: (SO3)2- Lewis Structure Formal Charge. Postby Chem_Mod » Mon Oct 31, 2016 6:34 pm. It is best to minimize formal charges on the central atom. Remember it is supposed to be an atom of low electronegativity (low ionization energy). Thus, a formal charge of -2 on a central sulfur atom is unfavorable. Top.Step 1 : Determine the number of protons and the number of electrons in the arrangement. Step 2 : Subtract the number of electrons from the number of protons to get a number N. This represents the net charge of the arrangement in terms of fundamental charge units (i.e. the charge on 1 proton).Sulfite ion is a weak base, but does undergo some hydrolysis to produce basic solutions. In acidic solution, the equilibria are shifted to form sulfurous acid, resulting in the evolution of SO2 gas. Sulfur dioxide is a colorless gas with a characteristic choking odor. SO2−3 (aq) +H2O(l) ↽−−⇀ HSO−3 (aq) +OH−(aq) SO 3 2 − ( aq ...Sulfonate. The sulfonate ion. In organosulfur chemistry, a sulfonate is a salt or ester of a sulfonic acid. It contains the functional group R−S (=O)2−O−, where R is an organic group. Sulfonates are the conjugate bases of sulfonic acids. Sulfonates are generally stable in water, non- oxidizing, and colorless. Many useful compounds and ...SO3 is nonpolar and this is because of the trigonal planar shape of sulfur trioxide. Sulfur and oxygen have a difference in electronegativity due to which polarity arises in the S-O bond but the three S-O bonds lie at 120 degrees angle with each other cancels out the overall polarity and resulting in the formation of SO3 as a nonpolar molecule. ...Click here👆to get an answer to your question ️ Arrange the bonds in order of increasing ionic character in the molecules: LiF , K2O , N2, SO2 and ClF3SO3 charge – the formal charge of so3 is equal to zero. Central atom “sulfur” and out side atoms “oxygen” both atom has zero formal charge. Hello, reders, today we will discuss about so3 charge, formal charge of …Therefore, the proper formula for this ionic compound is MgO MgO. Now consider the ionic compound formed by magnesium and chlorine. A magnesium ion has a 2+ charge, while a chlorine ion has a 1− charge: Mg2+Cl− Mg 2 + Cl −. Combining one ion of each does not completely balance the positive and negative charges.Oct 15, 2021 · Sulfur has 6 valence electrons. Each oxygen atom has 6 valence electrons. Since sulfate has 4 oxygen atoms, that equals 24 valence electrons. Sulfate has a charge of 2 −, which means it has an ... Since it carries a 3 + charge, it follows that you must use the (III) Roman numeral. The cation will thus be chromium (III) and the anion will be the carbonate anion, which means that the compound's name will be. chromium (III) carbonate → Cr2(CO3)2. Answer link. Chromium (III) carbonate In order to name an ionic compound, you must …The stability trends for a positive charge are, as expected, opposite to the ones for the negative charge. The positive charge is a center of electron deficiency, therefore to stabilize it, we need electron-donating groups. Alkyl groups (CH 3-, CH 3 CH 2-, etc.) being electron-donating stabilize the positive charge on a carbon atom (carbocation):Is SO3 an ion or a molecule? Ask Question Asked 6 years, 4 months ago Modified 6 years, 4 months ago Viewed 10k times 3 Earlier I thought that SOX3X2− S O X 3 X 2 − (sulfite) is an ion with -2 charge but today I read on internet SOX3 S O X 3 (sulfur trioxide) is a molecule with no charge. How can this be possible?To accurately analyze the charge distribution of a molecule, a very large quantity of electrostatic potential energy values must be calculated. The best way to convey this data is to visually represent it, as in an electrostatic potential map. A computer program then imposes the calculated data onto an electron density model of the molecule derived …The sulfur trioxide is a tetra atomic chemical molecule where both the sulfur and three oxygen molecules bond with an equal number of valence electrons. The diagram is drawn showing dots of valence electrons around the symbol of both sulfur and oxygen atoms with lines predicting bond formation.The charge of the metal ion is determined from the formula of the compound and the charge of the anion. For example, consider binary ionic compounds of iron and chlorine. Iron typically exhibits a charge of either 2+ or 3+ (see ), and the two corresponding compound formulas are FeCl 2 and FeCl 3. The simplest name, “iron chloride,” will, in ...How to calculate the formal charges on SO32- atoms? The formal charges can be calculated using the formula given below: The formal charge of an atom = [valence electrons of an atom – non-bonding electrons – ½ (bonding electrons)] The valence electrons (V.E) of an atom are the total number of electrons present in its valence shell. Valence ...Sulphide. 1. The chemical or molecular formula for sulphate is SO 4 2 -. 1. The molecular or chemical formula of sulphite is SO 3 2 -. 1. The chemical or molecular formula of S 2 -. 2. Sulphur is a central atom and for bonding two of oxygen need two electrons to attach with other atom and form sulphate ion with - 2 charge.The sulfur trioxide is a tetra atomic chemical molecule where both the sulfur and three oxygen molecules bond with an equal number of valence electrons. The diagram is drawn showing dots of valence electrons around the symbol of both sulfur and oxygen atoms with lines predicting bond formation.The overall charge of ion is ( -1*4 + (+2) ) = -2. Check the stability and minimize charges on atoms by converting lone pairs to bonds. When charges exist everywhere (on atoms) in the ion or molecule, that structure is not stable. We should try to reduce charges on atoms as much as possible. Now, we are going to learn how these facts will affect on sulfate ion. …Class: 160 161 - GENERAL CHEMISTRY; Subject: CHEMISTRY; University: Rutgers University; Term: Spring 2011;In the SO3 Lewis structure, the formal charge of the sulfur atom is 0, while each oxygen atom has a formal charge of -1. This distribution ensures that the overall charge of the …Sulfite ion is a weak base, but does undergo some hydrolysis to produce basic solutions. In acidic solution, the equilibria are shifted to form sulfurous acid, resulting in the evolution of SO2 gas. Sulfur dioxide is a colorless gas with a characteristic choking odor. SO2−3 (aq) +H2O(l) ↽−−⇀ HSO−3 (aq) +OH−(aq) SO 3 2 − ( aq ...VDOM DHTML tml>. Where does this -2 charge come from in [SO3]-2? - Quora. Something went wrong. Solution Formal charge The formal charge is the charge assigned to an atom in a molecule based on the assumption that electrons in all chemical bonds are evenly shared across atoms, independent of relative electronegativity.Sulfite, a chemical ion composed of sulfur and oxygen with a 2− charge SO (3), th, First reaction: 2Cu2S + 3O2 --> 2Cu2SO3 Second reaction: Cu2SO3 --> Cu2O + SO2. CuSO3 is copper II sulfite, The first time you have to make a doctor’s appointment for , Apr 10, 2022 · Know All about Sulfite Ion Structure, Formula, and Charge. S, But you must remember that the actual structure is a resonance hybrid of the , May 7, 2021 · CAMEO Chemicals. Hydrogensulfite is a sulfur , An ion is an atom or molecule that has acquired an electric charge due to loss or gain of electrons. Thus, As more and more people switch to electric cars, one o, Pulse radiolysis experiments unlock the excited state and transient , Sulphur Trioxide - SO3. What is Sulphur Trioxide? Sulphur trioxi, 1 day ago · Why SO3 forms double bonds? Because of equal forma, Nov 21, 2022 · So, if the question were to "dr, 1 day ago · Why SO3 forms double bonds? Because of equal for, 53 The energy density (which is the sum of the kinetic and potenti, Sn(SO3)2 is the molecular formula for the chemical compound tin(, How to Calculate the Formal Charges for SO3 2- (Sulfite ion) , Denticity. Denticity refers to the number of atoms with which a ligand, SO3 (sulfonate) Strong cation exchanger. Working range, pH 2–1.